خرید و دانلود نسخه کامل کتاب Cognizance of Schizophrenia:: A Profound Insight into the Psyche – Original PDF

When traced back, it was found that cognitive and psychological disorders were reported frequently in history. Symptoms of schizophrenia initially were compared and were confused as dementia and were tossed with the same. However, schizo- phrenia remained an enigma until early 1900. It was Eugen Bleuler who used the word Schizophrenia for the very first time in 1911. Diagnosis and treatment of schizophrenia have been a concern for almost every researcher. Different patients experience different prominent symptoms but the major ones are hallucination, delusion, emotional withdrawal, and cognitive impairment. Depending upon the symptoms schizophrenia is further divided into different types of schizophrenia. There have been constant changes in the treatments and ways to diagnose schizo- phrenia. This chapter introduces the various perspectives of the disorder in all aspects as well as states the recent advancements in all spheres for the diagnosis and treatment of schizophrenia. 1.1 Introduction Psychosis is a characteristic of schizophrenia that is frequently linked with consid- erable impairment and can affect all areas of functioning in personal, familial, social, academic, and occupational settings. People suffering from schizophrenia are regu- larly subjected to stigma, discrimination, and infringement of their human rights. Around the world, every two persons out of three persons experiencing psychosis do not get professional mental health treatment. There are several effective treatment options available, and a minimum of one person out of three persons suffering from schizophrenia may be fully recovered. I. Chatterjee (✉) Department of Computer Engineering, Tongmyong University, Busan, Republic of Korea © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2023 I. Chatterjee (ed.), Cognizance of Schizophrenia: A Profound Insight into the Psyche, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-7022-1_1 1 2 I. Chatterjee Approximately 24 million people, or 1 in 300 persons, globally suffer from schizophrenia (0.32%). Adults had a rate of 1 in 222 (or 0.45%) at this time. It is not as common as many other mental diseases. The most typical ages for onset are late teens and early twenties, and males often experience onset sooner than females. Key suffering and impairment in personal, familial, social, academic, occupational, and other significant aspects of life are typically linked to schizophrenia. Schizo- phrenia patients have a two to three times higher risk of dying young than the general population. Physical ailments including viral, metabolic, and cardiovascular prob- lems are frequently to blame for this. When traced back the evidence of schizophrenia was found in the early eigh- teenth century. Different psychiatrists, neurologists, and researchers observed dif- ferent symptoms and suggested different names for the same disorder. Later in the nineteenth century, it was Eugen Bleuler who brought forward the term schizophre- nia. Before him, the strongest arguments were presented by Émil Kraepelin (1856–1927) (Haller et al. 2014a; Kyziridis 2005). He called schizophrenia “demen- tia praecox” based on the symptoms showcased by different patients (Kyziridis 2005). In a similar line, Kurt Schneider in the year 1959 brought forward a new concept named “First-ranked” symptoms. According to him if a person showcases the following symptoms he/she must be diagnosed with schizophrenia (Cutting 2015). • A feeling of one’s thoughts being spoken aloud. • A feeling of control over one’s behavior and actions. • A feeling of thoughts being constantly removed and inserted into one’s mind. • A feeling of influence on one’s thoughts and control. Over the past couple of decades, every month has witnessed research on schizo- phrenia in the field of neurobiology, neurochemistry, neuro-pharmacology, diagno- sis, psychology, and genetics. However, even after such intensive research work, we lack answers to many questions related to schizophrenia. In this chapter, we have compiled data to bring a clear picture of what is schizophrenia.